I. European Exploration of North America            

  

  A. European Exploration

       

       1. Why did the Europeans leave Europe to explore other places in the 1400’s and

           1500’s?

           a. Money – explorers and their leaders wanted to become wealthy on trade goods

               from India, China and Japan.

           b. Fame – some explorers wanted to become famous

           c. Religion – some Europeans wanted to spread their religion (Christianity) to

              other places.

 

      2.  Events, People and Inventions that helped the Europeans to explore

           a. Marco Polo

               1)  Marco Polo was an Italian who traveled China around 1275.

               2)  Polo wrote a book about his travels.

               3)  His book caused people in Europe to become interested in Asia

           b. The Crusades (A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1300)

               1)  The Crusades were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims for

                    control of the “Holy Land” (present-day Israel)

               2)  The Europeans wanted to find a trade route to Asia that avoided the Muslim

                    controlled “Holy Land”

           c. Johannes Gutenberg (1400-1468)

               1)  Gutenberg invented the printing press with “moveable type”

               2)  The printing pressed allowed more books to be printed; Europeans needed

                    books to learn more about other places.

               3) Columbus needed books to develop his theory that Asia could be reached by

                    sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.

           d. astrolabe

   1) An instrument used by navigators to determine latitude at sea

2) The astrolabe (and compass) allowed sea captains to sail away from land

    without getting lost.

           e. caravel - A type of ship that has a sail that can pivot to catch the wind from

               many different directions

           f. Prince Henry “The Navigator” (1450)

              1) Prince Henry was from Portugal

2) He offered cash prizes to sea captains who discovered new lands

              3) He opened a school to teach navigation to sea captains

4) Columbus probably know about Prince Henry and his school

 

       3. Why is Columbus so important?

           a. He was the first European to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean in an attempt to

               reach Asia (India, China, Japan).

           b. Columbus started “The Columbian Exchange” (a.k.a. “The Great Exchange”)

1)      The Columbian Exchange – the exchange of goods, people, ideas, and animals

      between Europe, Africa after 1492.

2)      See “The Columbian Exchange” map on page 60 of your textbook for a more

      detailed explanation.

 

 

Review                                                                        NAME:

3 Worlds Meet

 

Instructions:  Use your class notes, textbook, and homework to complete this review. 

Answers are to be in complete sentences.

 

Vocabulary:  Provide complete definitions for each of the following terms.

 

charter                                    joint-stock company               burgesses

dissent                                    persecute                                toleration

patroon                                    proprietary colony                  pacifist

indentured servant                 constitution                             debtor

tenant farmer                          mission                                    subsistence farming

triangular trade                       cash crop                                 diversity

Tidewater                                backcountry                            overseer

 

People: Provide the following information for each of the people listed below:

1)      Which nation hired the person to explore?

2)      When did the person explore (use continents, present-day nations, states

      or physical features to identify places explored)?

3)   Was the person a “first”, or did the person “discover” something?

 

Leif Ericson                            Jacques Cartier                      Marco Polo                

Hernan Cortes                        Prince Henry                          Franciso Pizarro

Samuel de Champlain             Henry Hudson                        John Cabot                              

Robert de La Salle                  Ferdinand Magellan               Amerigo Vespucci

 

Main Ideas:  Use the textbook, and the class notes, to answer each of the following

questions in a complete sentence.  Where noted, use the pages listed after the

question for reference to provide a complete answer.

 

  1. How did the first people come to North America? p. 16-18; p. 20-21
  2. Three major Native American empires existed in North and South America

       before the arrival of the Europeans in the 1400’s and 1500’s.  List these

       empires and the present-day nation were the evidence of these empires can

       be found.  p. 22-26

  1. Describe Native American culture in Eastern and Southwestern North America

      before the arrival of European explorers in the 1400’s and 1500’s.  p. 33

  1. Define the term “civilization”. ( use the textbook glossary)
  2. Based on the definition of the term “civilization” (in question 4), do you think

      the Native Americans found in the Eastern and Southeastern regions of North

      American were “civilized”.  Explain your answer using examples from the

            answer you provided in question 3.

6.   Which European group came to North America 500 years before Columbus? 

7.   Explain how each of the following items led to European exploration outside of

      Europe: a desire to become wealthy; religion; a desire to become famous

  1. Explain how the following events, people, or inventions encouraged the

      Europeans to explore outside of Europe in the 1400’s and 1500’s:

                  a. Marco Polo

                  b. The Crusades

                  d. printing press

                  e. caravel

9.   Why was Christopher Columbus an important person in world history?

     10.   What is the “Columbian Exchange”?

     11.    Use page 60 in the textbook as reference to answer the following questions:

a. List 3 items that were brought to American as a result of the

                           Columbian Exchange.

b. List 3 items that were brought to Europe by the Columbian Exchange. 

     12.   Give an example of how the Columbian Exchange changed life in North

             America (be specific).